This paper provides new research that reinforces our understanding that energy consumption is not linked to data consumption. It also discusses some of the drivers behind how internet network energy consumption may change in the medium- and long-term. Notably, it highlights system-level factors such as peak demand that may influence future energy consumption and emissions. This makes it clearer how both user behaviour and service design decisions contribute to long-term environmental impact.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/share/VHGSCWUHF2K2HMH7TI8W?target=10.1111/jiec.70057